如何写好句子

如何写好句子？

能否写出好的句子直接影响到一篇文章的质量。因此，我们要学习英语写作，首先要注意写出好的句子。那么，如何才能写出正确的句子呢？具体来说，应注意如下几个方面：

一．把握句子的基本结构，熟悉句子的主要成分和次要成分，写出写对基本的句子。句子的主语、谓语、宾语和表语是句子的基本成分。而定语、状语、补语则相对而言处于次要的地位，是句子的次要成分。句子的基本结构有如下五类：

1.主语+不及物动词。不及物动词就是后面不能带宾语的动词。尽管不及物动词的后面 不接宾语，但很多时候，这个不及物动词有副词修饰或别的状语修饰。有动词如果不加状语修饰，句子的意思就可能不完整或不那么丰富。如：

1).Mr. Li didn’t appear. → Mr. Li didn’t appear until the meeting was over.

2).She married. → She married late.

[小练]

1．根据所给汉语翻译下面各句。

1）他爷爷在去年去世了。

______________________________________________________

2）她每天早上6点半起床。

______________________________________________________

3）李明今天下午不会来了。

______________________________________________________

Keys: 1) His grandpa died last year.

2) She gets up at half past six every morning.

3) Li Ming won’t come this afternoon.

2. 给下面句子加上适当的状语使句子的内容更加完整、丰富。

1) The manager didn’t turn up______________________________.

2) The meeting ended ____________________________________.

3) The sun rises _________________ and sits _________________.

Keys: 1) until nine o’clock2) very late this afternoon3) in the east/ in the west

2.主语+系动词+表语。系动词后面的成分就是表语。在这类结构中，可用作表语的有分 词、形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等。而常见的系动词有be及其它半系动词look、smell、taste、sound、taste、feel、seem、appear、grow、stay、keep、remain、change、turn等。如：1).She was too tired.

2).Your father is in his office.

[小练]根据所给汉语翻译下面各句

1) 她看起来像她的妈妈。

_______________________________________________

2) 她显得非常激动。

________________________________________________

3) 这汤尝起来很美味。

________________________________________________

4) 她还像以前那样美丽。

_________________________________________________

5) 明天天气将变冷。

_________________________________________________

Keys: 1) She looks like her mother.

2) She appears/looks/seems very excited.

3) The soup tastes delicious.

4) She remains as beautiful as before.

5) The weather will turn cold tomorrow.

3.主语+及物动词+宾语。有些动词的后面必须接宾语，其结构才完整，这样的动词就叫 及物动词。可以用作宾语的通常有名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式及宾语从句等。如：

1).I saw a film yesterday.

2).I didn’t meet him at the meeting.

3) I can’t stand your speaking to your mother like that.

4) They tried to help the poor people.

5) I don’t think that he will arrive on time.

[小练]根据所给汉语翻译下面各句

1) 警察最后将两个小偷抓住了。

________________________________________________________

2) 经理过一会要见你。

________________________________________________________

3) 我不喜欢在这里吸烟。

________________________________________________________

4) 他们决定在这里办一家新的医院。

________________________________________________________

5) 我从来就没有想到他会在这么短的时间内完成这项工作。

________________________________________________________

Keys: 1) The police finally caught the two thieves.

2) The manager will see you in a while.

3) I hate smoking here.

4) They decided to set up a new hospital here.

5) I never thought that he could finish his work in such a short time.

4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。有些及物动词后面必须带两个宾语：一个直接 宾语、一个间接宾语。这类结构中的间接宾语和直接宾语又统称为双宾语。常接双宾语的动词有：give、pass、send、teach、buy、bring、show等。直接宾语和间接宾语的位置通常可以互相交换。当直接宾语（指物的宾语）位于间接宾语（指人的宾语）前面时，间接宾语的前面通常有一个介词for或to。如：

1).Mother bought me a watch. →Mother bought a watch for me.

2).She showed us her new dress. →She showed her new dress to us.

[小练] 请用括号中所给动词并根据所给汉语翻译下面各句

1) 请把那本书递给我好吗？（pass）

_______________________________________________________

2) 请将这封信交给李明。（give）

_______________________________________________________

3) 老师今天教了我们一首新歌。(teach)

________________________________________________________

4) 我爸爸昨天给我买了一个新手机。（buy）

________________________________________________________

5) 你能给我看一看你的新衣服吗？(show)

________________________________________________________

Keys: 1) Would you please pass me the book/ pass the book to me?

2) Please give this letter to Li Ming.

3) Our teacher taught us a ne song today.

4) My father bought me a new mobile/a new mobile for me yesterday.

5) Could you show me your clothes/your new clothes to me ?

5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补。宾语补足语（简称宾补）是补充说明宾语怎么样或干什 么的成分。可以用作宾补的词语有：名词、形容词、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、副词、介词短语等。如：

1).I heard him singing in her room.

2).We must keep our rivers clean.

[小练] 根据所给汉语翻译下面各句

1) 我听到房间里有小孩子在哭。

___________________________________________________________

2) 多做运动能够使我们保持健康。

____________________________________________________________

3) 我刚才看见她进了教室。

____________________________________________________________

4) 我们发现他的车困在雪地了。

_____________________________________________________________

5) 在会上我们选李先生做经理。

_____________________________________________________________

Keys: 1) I heard a child crying in the room.

2) Taking more exercise can keep us healthy.

3) I just saw her enter the classroom.

4) We found his car stuck in the snow.

5) At the meeting we elected Mr. Li our manager.

二．把握并用好并列句

并列句就是由并列连词所连接起来的两个简单句。常用的并列连词有：and、or、but、so、while、when等。and用作并列连词，连接两个并列句时，可表示并列关系、递进关系、因果关系、对比关系、转折关系等。or可以表示并列关系，也可表示因果关系。but表示转折关系。so可表示因果关系。while可表示比较或对比。when则表示时间，相当于and at that time(就在那时)。如：

1). Work hard, and you will succeed. ---and表示因果关系

2). Hurry up, or you will be late for the film. ----or表示因果关系

3). He is old, but he still works as hard as young people. -----but表示转折关系

4). Mr. Li is generous and outgoing, so we all gets on well with him. ----so表示因果关系

5). She thought we were talking about her daughter while we were talking about my own.---while表示比较、对比

6). I was going to leave home when the telephone rang. ----when表示时间，相当于and at that time

[小练]

1. 在下面句子的空格处填上适当的并列连词

1) Get down to your work now, ______ you won’t complete your work in time.

2) Come over here, ______ I’ll tell you a good piece of news.

3) She’s young, ______she knows much more than many of us.

4) I was about to leave the house ______ it suddenly began to rain heavily.

5) Many people don’t have enough to eat ______ they throw a lot of food into the sea.

6) He was very tired, ______ he went to bed very early yesterday.

Keys: 1) or2) and3) but4) when5) while6) so

三．把握并使用好复合句

复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即从句部分。常见的从句有：定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句。使用复合句时，应注意如下几点：1）从句部分一般都有引导词引导这个从句，因此，要用好复合句，首先要正确地使用引导从句的关联词语；2）无论是主句部分还是从句部分的结构必须是前面提到的简单句的五个类型当中的一个（除省略句外），也就是说，无论是主句还是从句，其句子成分必须是完整的，结构准备确；3）名词性从句的语序还要用陈述句的语序。如：

1). As is known to all, China is getting more and more powerful. ----As 引导一个定语从句

2). What he says doesn’t suit what he does. ---本句包含两个名词性从句：What he says是一个主语从句；what he does是一个宾语从句

3). Where there is a will, there is a way. ----Where引导一个表示地点的状语从句

[小练]

I．在下面句子的空格处填上适当的引导词。

1. With the rapid development, the idea has already come true ________we can play video games and receive e-mails without sitting at a keyboard.

2. Word came ______ the Shengzhou VII will be sent off in a few days.

3. I’ve learned ______, no matter what happens and how bad it seems today, life goes on and it will be better tomorrow.

4. —What worries the public worry most?

—_______ prices keep going up, I suppose.

5. The reason he has been such a success in his career is _____ he never gives up in his work.

6. ______this text can be used for listening this term has not been decided yet.

7. _______ matters most in learning English is enough practice.

8. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make______it is.

9. It is none of your business ______ other people think about you. Believe in yourself.

10. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s _____ the best jobs are.

11. The volunteers have paid a visit to all the senior citizens in the community, most of _______

are aged from 70 to over 90 years old.

12. To get the program started, all ______ I need is your permission and support.

13. _____ has been said above, English grammar is only a set of dead rules.

14. Can you tell me something about the man ______ house you have rented for years?

15. Finally the little boy told us everything ______he had seen and heard in the street.

16. Don’t worry. I’ll inform you ______ your daughter comes back to school.

17. — Why hasn’t Mr. Li come to work today?

— ______ he has gone to Beijing to have a meeting.

18. I think you bag is still _______ you left it. I’m sure you will find it there.

19. Nothing is so difficult in this world _______ you put your mind into it.

20. I won’t have a trip to Mount Huang _______ my best friend Amy is invited, too.

Keys: 1. that2. that3. that4. That5. that6. Whether7. What8. what

9. what10. where11. whom12. that13. As14. whose15. that

16. when/ if17. Because18. where19. if20. unless

II．请根据括号中所给汉语将句子补充完整

1. It worries both the parents very much ___________________(他们的儿子患有严重的心脏病)

2. There is no doubt __________________________________(中国将变得越来越强大)

3. During the summer holidays, we paid a visit to _________________(曾经是我们学校的地方)

4. Our city is no longer __________________(十年前的样子), when it was quite dirty and noisy.

5. The result of the experiment turned out very good, ____________(这是我们没有预料到的).

6. Have you seen the play _____________________(它的主角是Lily的姐姐扮演的)

7. _______________(众所周知), our boss had broken his promise that he would give us a rise.

8. The foreign settlers began killing the native citizens __________________(他们一上这个岛)

9. It was five o’clock _________________(他们登上山顶的时候)

10. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture___________________(在塔所处的地方) Keys:

1. that their only son suffers from serious heart trouble.

2. that China will become more and more powerful in the future.

3. what was once our primary school

4. what it was ten years ago

5. which we hadn't expected.

6. whose leading role is played by Lily’s sister

7. As was known to all

8. the moment/ As soon as they set foot on the island.

9. when they climbed up to the top of the mountain.

10. where stands the famous tower.

任何句子都是在上述的这些句子的基础上变化而来的。所以，我们在把握这些基本的 结构之后，要写出完整而且符合规则的句子就不难了。此外我们还要注意使用正确的时态和语态。由于英语习惯上的不同，英语中常常以动词来体现动作发生的时间；表示被动意义时，也要用动词来体现。动词时态和语态的使用是否得当直接影响句子的含义。因此，同学们在写作时，应特别注意正确地使用动词的时态和语态。只有这样，我们才能写出符合英语表达习惯的句子。