环境服务功能

环境服务功能

一、生物多样性遗传价值

生物多样性是人类社会赖以生存和发展的基础，是全人类共有的宝贵财富。生物多样性为人类的生存与发展提供了丰富的食物、药物、燃料等生活必需品以及大量的工业原料。生物多样性也维护了自然界的生态平衡，并为人类的生存提供了良好的环境条件，是生态系统不可缺少的组成部分。阿鲁科尔沁旗传统草原游牧业其形成和发展有着悠久的历史，它属于世界草原畜牧业中的经典产业。其干旱半干旱草原属于典型的不平衡生态系统，只有游牧型草原畜牧业才是其合理的产业选择，它蕴含丰富的适应性管理知识；在未来的一段时期内阿旗草原地区的主导文化都将以游牧文化为精髓，它是充分吸收包括农业文明、工业文明和信息文明在内的一切人类文明成果的优秀体现。

二、生态适应

三、防风固沙

阿旗地处西拉沐沦河北岸，大兴安岭余脉罕山山脉南麓，科尔沁沙地西缘。北部为山区，中部为丘陵区，南部为科尔沁沙地、沙土波状平原区。据荒漠化和沙化土地监测结果显示，阿旗的荒漠化和沙化形势已经十分严重，沙化土地面积很大，治理任务非常艰巨，难度越来越大。多年来，阿旗委、旗人民政府始终坚持生态立旗发展战略，以“三区联动”为总体框架（即北部水源涵养区、东南部沼坨防风固沙区、中西部小流域综合治理区），扎实推进了生态建设“六大工程”。近年来，阿旗借助国家实施京津风沙源治理工程、退耕还林工程、国家级重点公益林补偿项目，我旗先后实施了百万亩沙地综合治理科技示范区项目、黑哈尔河绿色长廊工程、巴彦诺尔苏木30万亩沙地综合治理工程、省级大通道绿化项目、西拉沐沦河防护林体系建设工程、罕苏木苏木生态建设与保护工程以及阿拉迪芒哈30万亩沙地综合治理工程，全旗生态环境总体恶化的趋势得到基本遏制，局部明显好转。阿旗现有的主要林木品种有杨树、山杏、锦鸡儿、沙棘、黄柳、油松、樟子松、柠条等十几个品种，这些木材品种普遍具有抗旱、抗风蚀、耐沙埋等特点，具有防风治沙的生态保护作用。

四、水土保持                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

阿鲁科尔沁旗地势呈西北高、东南低，北部为中山地貌，中西部为丘陵地貌，东、南部为科尔沁沙地。气候属大陆性气候，干旱少雨，降雨量集中，冬季多风；地势起伏多变，高低悬殊；土壤结构不良。长期以来，由于对森林、草原资源的不合理开发利用，超载过牧、滥砍滥伐、陡坡开荒及历史上发生的虫灾、旱灾等原因，使阿旗生态环境受损，水土流失相当严重，生态环境正日益恶化，水土流失给阿旗的农牧业生产造成很大的影响。据遥感统计，目前全旗共有轻度以上水蚀面积4958.02平方公里,占全旗总面积的34.7%，另外风蚀十分严重,风蚀面积达8506.8平方公里。自建国以来，阿旗人民自力更生、艰苦奋斗，大力开展水土保持生态建设，有效地改善了农牧业生产条件，完善了农业基础设施，提高了土地生产率，促进了土地利用结构和产业结构的合理调整，实现了农牧业稳定高产，促进了当地经济、社会可持续发展。截止目前为止，阿旗累计完成水土保持综合治理面积2162.8平方公里，其中：水平梯田22.6平方公里，水保林1335.1平方公里，人工种草805.1平方公里。已经形成了一定规模的水土保持综合防护体系和小流域经济体系。