初中英语语法知识点总结

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初中英语语法知识点总结：连词

I. 要点

1、连词的种类

(1) 并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。

(2) 从属连词用来引导从句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。

除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句)，关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。

2、常用连词举例

(1) and 和，并且

They drank and sang all night.

(2) both…and 和， 既…也…

Both my parents and I went there.

(3) but 但是，而

I'm sad, but he is happy.

(4) either…or 或…或…， 要么…要么…

Either you're wrong, or I am.

(5) for因为

I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.

(6) however 然而，可是

At first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.

(7) neither…nor 既不…也不

Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.

(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…

He not only sings well, but also dances well.

(9) or 或者，否则

Hurry up, or you'll be late.

Are you a worker or a doctor?

(10) so 因此，所以

It's getting late, so I must go.

(11) although 虽然

Although it was late, they went on working.

(12) as soon as 一 …就

I'll tell him as soon as I see him.

(13) because 因为

He didn't go to school, because he was ill.

(14) unless 除非，如果不

I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.

(15) until 直到…

He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬间动词用于not… until 结构)

He stayed there until eleven.

(16) while 当…时候，而 (表示对比)

While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬间动词)

My pen is red while his is blue.

(17) for 因为

He was ill, for he didn't come. (结论是推断出来的)

(18) since自从…

I have lived here since my uncle left.

(19) hardly… when 一…就

I had hardly got to the station when the train left.

(20) as far as 就… 来说

As far as I know, that country is very small.

You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)

初中英语语法知识点总结：动词时态、语态

I. 要点

1、一般现在时

(1) 表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。如：

Sometimes, we go swimming after school.

(2) 表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：

The earth goes round the sun.

2、现在进行时

(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now, at present等时间状语连用。如：

What are you doing now?

(2) 和always, continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如：

He is always doing good deeds.

3、现在完成时

主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如:

Have you ever been to Beijing?

4、一般将来时

表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。如：

I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.

We're going to see a film next Monday.

5、一般过去时

表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等词连用。如：

It happened many years ago.

6、过去进行时

表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如：

What were you doing this time yesterday?

7、过去完成时

表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如：

The train had already left before we arrived.

8、一般过去将来时

表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如：

He said he would come, but he didn't.

9、被动语态

被动语态的时态，以give为例。

初中英语语法知识点总结：动词虚拟语气

I. 要点

表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。

1、虚拟语气的构成

如：与现在事实相反

If I had more time, I should study German.(fact:I have no more time, so I shall not study German. )

If she were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.(fact:she is very busy, so she will not attend the meeting this afternoon.)

If they didn’t take physical exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.(fact: they take physical exercises every day, so they are very healthy.)

与过去事实相反：

I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s examination.(fact:I had no more time at yesterday’s exam, so I didn’t check my paper again)

You would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time.(fact: He didn’t see the doctor in good time ,so he hasn’t recovered from his illness )

与将来事实相反：

If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off.(The weather has been changeable these days.)

If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.( The weather has beenvery good these days.)

If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.(That would be out of our expectation.)

If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (条件从句谓语动词用were to +动词原形，表示 下雨的可能性极小。Were to rain和should rain 都表示“出乎意料之外”，但were to加强表示“当初没想到以后的事”)

注：

(1) 如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had, should, could有时可将if省去, 但要倒装。如：

Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.

(2) 混合时间条件句的用法：

有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的 时间不一致。这时动词的形式，应根据它所要表达的具体时间来决定用什么形式。

1) If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be run so fast.(从句叙述过去，主句叙述现在。)

(fact: she has trained very hard, so she would able to run fast.)

2)You would speak English well enough if you had practised reading and speaking it every day.(主句叙述现在，从句叙述过去)

(fact: You didn’t practice (hasn’t practiced ) reading and speaking it every day, so you can’t speak English well enough.)

(3) 在其他状语从句中的用法

主要用于由as if (as though) 引导的比较状语从句，从句中谓语动词一般用“动词的过去式(be 变were )或had +过去分词。”如：

She looked as if she were ill.(实际上她没有病，在这里用虚拟语气补语比喻她精神不佳)

Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied in England.(这里用虚拟语气表现他的 英语说得好)

2、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用

(1) 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是“should(可省) +动词原形”，常用于以下三种句型中。

句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…

句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…

句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…

如： It is strange that he (should) have done that.

It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.

It is requested that we (should) be so careless.

(2) 在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是“(should)+动词原形”。如：

I suggest that we (should) go swimming.

(3) 在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是“(should)+动词原形”。如：

His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.

(4) 在同位语从句中，谓语形式是“(should)+动词原形”。如：

We received order that the work be done at once.

(5) 在It is time that…句型中，其谓语动词形式是“动词的过去式”或“should +动词原形”,should不可省。如：

It's time (that) we went ( should go) to school.

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